Frederick Starr (1858-1933)
Although his time at Chicago (1892—1923) predated the founding of the university's anthropology department, Frederick Starr—trained as a geologist—was the first University of Chicago professor to regard himself as an anthropologist. A former curator at the American Museum of Natural History, Starr emerged from a tradition in which cultural institutions, including museums and universities, were meant to educate the public at large, and he happily took on the role of public intellectual. In addition to his teaching and research, Starr pursued a successful career giving public lectures and through his celebrity played an instrumental part in shaping the popular perception of anthropology at the fin-de-siècle.
Over time, as the discipline of anthropology professionalized, Starr became notorious for his flamboyant personality and controversial opinions. Starr's main interest was in broad racial and cultural comparisons across continents. In particular, he believed that anthropology should focus on the study of racial degeneracy; he argued, for example, that European Americans were in danger of regressing to the "primitive" level of indigenous people through miscegenation and the effects of climate. His opinions were diametrically opposed to those on the evolution of mankind proposed by more well-respected scholars, and Starr was increasingly relegated to the academic sidelines as an eccentric. In 1905, University president William Rainey Harper distanced himself from Starr by telling the press that "Professor Starr [is] a man of sensation. He has been the amusement and despair of University of Chicago authorities." (McVicker, 2012.)
Although Starr failed to build a network of academic colleagues in Chicago, he was undeniably charismatic, and one of his great talents was his ability to gain the trust of public officials. Such talents were particularly in evidence when he traveled to Mexico between the years 1893 and 1910. There, influential figures gladly assisted him in his quest to collect manuscripts, photographs, and artifacts. Presented here are cartes de visite given to Starr by some of his Mexican colleagues. Starr's research materials in the the Special Collections Research Center also include colonial documents written in indigenous languages and documents signed by leaders in Mexico's struggle for independence.
Aunque su estancia en Chicago (1892-1923) ocurrió antes del establecimiento del departamento de antropología de la Universidad, Frederick Star –geólogo-, fue el primer profesor de la Universidad de Chicago que se consideró a sí mismo como un antropólogo. Anteriormente, como curador del American Museum of Natural History, (Museo Americano de Historia Natural), Starr se formó en una tradición donde la labor de las instituciones culturales, incluyendo museos y universidades, era educar al público en general, y él felizmente asumió el rol de intelectual público. Además de enseñar e investigar, Starr se dedicó a una carrera exitosa dando conferencias públicas, y, por medio de su fama, sirvió como un instrumento para moldear la percepción popular de la antropología a fin de siglo.
Con el tiempo, conforme la carrera de antropología se institucionalizó, Starr se dio a conocer por su personalidad extravagante y sus opiniones controversiales. Tuvo un principal interés en las comparaciones raciales y culturales a lo largo de los continentes. En particular, él creía que la antropología debería enfocarse en el estudio de la degeración racial; él argumentaba, por ejemplo, que los Europeo-Americanos estaban en peligro de retroceder al nivel "primitivo" de la gente indígena a través del mestizaje y los efectos del clima. Sus opiniones fueron diametralmente opuestas a aquellas sobre la evolución de la humanidad propuestas por los más respetados académicos, por lo que fue relegado por excéntrico. En 1905, el presidente de la Universidad, William Rainey Harper, se distanció de Starr, diciendo a la prensa que "el Profesor Starr [es] un hombre sensacionalista. Ha sido el entretenimiento y desesperación de las autoridades de la Universidad de Chicago", (McVicker, 2012.)
Aunque Starr falló en construir una red de colegas académicos en Chicago, era indiscutiblemente carismático, y uno de sus grandes talentos fue su habilidad para ganarse la confianza de los oficiales públicos. Tales talentos estuvieron particularmente en evidencia cuando él viajó a México entre 1893 y 1910. Ahí, personas influyentes con gusto le ayudaron en su búsqueda de reunir manuscritos, fotografías y artefactos. Aquí se presentan 'Cartas de Visita' dadas a Starr por algunos de sus colegas mexicanos. Los materiales de investigación de Starr en el Centro de Investigación de Colecciones Especiales también incluyen documentos coloniales escritos en lenguas indígenas y documentos firmados por líderes en la lucha de independencia de México.
Starr traveled extensively throughout Mexico and showed his respect for its history and culture in his customized book plate, designed to incorporate iconic spiritual and political images from Mexico. The images include the Mexican patron saint, the Virgin of Guadalupe; the Aztec snake goddess Coatlicue; the volcano Popocatepetl; President Benito Juarez, who was not only the first indigenous president but also a hero in the fight against the French invasion in 1860; and the patriot Ignacio Altamirano, a former leader of the supreme court, who promoted national literature when he founded El Renacimiento in 1869.
October 13, 1810
Frederick Starr. Mexican Manuscripts. Collection
The letter relates a small defeat suffered by Hidalgo's Forces. Attached on the verso is a second note, signed by José María Carvajal on April 12, 1850, giving Hildago's letter to the care of a relative.