Over the course of the 19th century, bookbinding was transformed from a hand craft, cottage industry into factory methods of assembly-line production. The technology of manufacture directly influenced the physical appearance and ornamentation of books. This chronologically-arranged exhibition addressed themes including "The Beginnings of Bookcloth," "Blind Embossing," "Gold Stamping," " Illustrations Adapted to Bindings," "Victorian Ferns and Flowers," "The Influence of William Morris," and "Art Nouveau." Machine processes